{"id":222160,"date":"2023-11-17T13:46:06","date_gmt":"2023-11-17T13:46:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/?p=222160"},"modified":"2024-01-12T12:43:19","modified_gmt":"2024-01-12T12:43:19","slug":"types-of-shares","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of Shares: A Comprehensive Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"942\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/types-of-shares-942x1024.png\" alt=\"Types of shares\" class=\"wp-image-222191\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/types-of-shares-942x1024.png 942w, https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/types-of-shares-276x300.png 276w, https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/types-of-shares-22x24.png 22w, https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/types-of-shares-33x36.png 33w, https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/types-of-shares-44x48.png 44w, https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/types-of-shares.png 1942w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 942px) 100vw, 942px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_65 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#What_is_a_share_in_a_company\" title=\"What is a share in a company?\">What is a share in a company?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#What_is_the_nominal_value_of_a_share\" title=\"What is the nominal value of a share?\">What is the nominal value of a share?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#How_many_shares_should_a_limited_company_have_in_the_UK\" title=\"How many shares should a limited company have in the UK?\">How many shares should a limited company have in the UK?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#What_should_be_the_nominal_value_of_a_company_share\" title=\"What should be the nominal value of a company share?\">What should be the nominal value of a company share?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#How_many_types_of_shares_are_there\" title=\"How many types of shares are there?\">How many types of shares are there?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#What_are_the_key_characteristics_of_ordinary_shares\" title=\"What are the key characteristics of ordinary shares?\">What are the key characteristics of ordinary shares?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Long_Term\" title=\"Long Term:\">Long Term:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Right_to_Vote\" title=\"Right to Vote:\">Right to Vote:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Ownership_Stake\" title=\"Ownership Stake:\">Ownership Stake:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Dividends\" title=\"Dividends:\">Dividends:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Claim_on_residual_assets\" title=\"Claim on residual assets:&nbsp;\">Claim on residual assets:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#What_are_the_key_features_of_preferred_shares\" title=\"What are the key features of preferred shares?\">What are the key features of preferred shares?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Fixed_dividends_rate\" title=\"Fixed dividends rate:\">Fixed dividends rate:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Limited_rights\" title=\"Limited rights:\">Limited rights:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Claim_on_Assets\" title=\"Claim on Assets:\">Claim on Assets:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Are_preferred_shares_cumulative\" title=\"Are preferred shares cumulative?\">Are preferred shares cumulative?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#What_is_meant_by_redeemable_preferred_shares\" title=\"What is meant by redeemable preferred shares?\">What is meant by redeemable preferred shares?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#What_is_the_difference_between_types_of_shares_and_classes_of_shares\" title=\"What is the difference between types of shares and classes of shares?\">What is the difference between types of shares and classes of shares?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#What_are_the_subcategories_of_common_shares\" title=\"What are the subcategories of common shares?\">What are the subcategories of common shares?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Class_A_shares\" title=\"Class A shares:\">Class A shares:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Class_B_shares\" title=\"Class B shares:\">Class B shares:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Class_C_shares\" title=\"Class C shares:\">Class C shares:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Do_preferred_shares_also_have_sub-categories\" title=\"Do preferred shares also have sub-categories?\">Do preferred shares also have sub-categories?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#What_is_meant_by_Voting_and_non-voting_shares\" title=\"What is meant by Voting and non-voting shares?\">What is meant by Voting and non-voting shares?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#What_are_restricted_shares\" title=\"What are restricted shares?\">What are restricted shares?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#What_are_the_founders_shares\" title=\"What are the founder\u2019s shares? &nbsp;\">What are the founder\u2019s shares? &nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Voting_Control\" title=\"Voting Control:\">Voting Control:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Financial_Rewards\" title=\"Financial Rewards:\">Financial Rewards:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Employee_Incentives\" title=\"Employee Incentives:\">Employee Incentives:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Investor_Categories\" title=\"Investor Categories:\">Investor Categories:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Legal_Requirements\" title=\"Legal Requirements:\">Legal Requirements:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Company_History\" title=\"Company History:\">Company History:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Strategic_Flexibility\" title=\"Strategic Flexibility:\">Strategic Flexibility:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Tax_planning\" title=\"Tax planning:\">Tax planning:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion:\">Conclusion:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_share_in_a_company\"><\/span>What is a share in a company?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In financial terms a share represents a part or portion that you own in a company. In order to become a shareholder, capital is exchanged by the investors in return for ownership\/share in the company. The number of shares you hold directly affects the percentage of ownership you have in the company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_nominal_value_of_a_share\"><\/span>What is the nominal value of a share?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The nominal or par value of a share is the amount assigned to each share when the company is incorporated. This amount is stipulated in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/limited-company-formation\/memorandum-and-articles-of-association\">memorandum of association<\/a> of the company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border:3px solid #214A24; border-radius: 5px; padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em; padding-top:1em; background-color:#ffffff;\">\n<p>If you are a busy entrepreneur with no time to spend on accounting and doing complex tax calculations for your business, leave this to Fusion Accountants who are experts in self assessment.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_many_shares_should_a_limited_company_have_in_the_UK\"><\/span>How many shares should a limited company have in the UK?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As per Companies House UK, a company limited by shares must have at least one shareholder. This means that there is a minimum requirement to issue at least one share. A company may issue any number of shares it deems appropriate, there is no maximum limit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_should_be_the_nominal_value_of_a_company_share\"><\/span>What should be the nominal value of a company share?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As per the Companies Act 2006, a limited company having a share capital must have a fixed nominal value, e.g., 1p, \u00a31, $1 or 1 euro or even \u00a30.0001.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border:3px solid #214A24; border-radius: 5px; padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em; padding-top:1em; background-color:#ffffff;\">\n<p>A company cannot issue share with no nominal value. An allotment of a share that does not have a fixed nominal value is illegal.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_many_types_of_shares_are_there\"><\/span>How many types of shares are there?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>There are two primary types of shares:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Ordinary shares<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preferred shares<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_key_characteristics_of_ordinary_shares\"><\/span>What are the key characteristics of ordinary shares?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The main features of equity shares are as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Long_Term\"><\/span>Long Term:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Equity shares offer an opportunity for long-term financing and investment. They do not have a maturity date and provide the opportunity for the shareholders to benefit from the company\u2019s progress on a long-term basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Right_to_Vote\"><\/span>Right to Vote:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Equity shares give voting rights to the shareholder. It allows the shareholders to participate in the decision-making process and attend the company meetings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ownership_Stake\"><\/span>Ownership Stake:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Equity shares carry both risks and rewards for the shareholders. Meaning where the shareholders can benefit from the success of the company, they can also face the risk of loss if the business is not going well, and the share prices are decreasing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dividends\"><\/span>Dividends:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The equity shareholders may receive dividends but not if the company reinvests its earnings to grow the business. The amount of dividends is not fixed and depends on the board of directors\u2019 decision and on the profit margin of the company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Claim_on_residual_assets\"><\/span>Claim on residual assets:&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In cases where a company goes bankrupt, equity shareholders can have a claim on the assets that remain after all the debts and other obligations have been paid off.&nbsp; It is a fact though that in asset distribution, ordinary shareholders are at the bottom of the line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_key_features_of_preferred_shares\"><\/span>What are the key features of preferred shares?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fixed_dividends_rate\"><\/span>Fixed dividends rate:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike equity shares, preferred shares offer a fixed dividend rate. Also preferred shareholders receive their dividends before the common shareholders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limited_rights\"><\/span>Limited rights:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Most of the time, preferred shares do not give voting rights to the shareholders. In cases where voting rights are offered, they are limited depending on specific circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Claim_on_Assets\"><\/span>Claim on Assets:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Preferred shareholders have a higher claim to the company assets than the equity shareholders. This means that if a company liquefies or declares bankruptcy, preferred shareholders can possibly get their investment back.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Are_preferred_shares_cumulative\"><\/span>Are preferred shares cumulative?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Preferred shares can be cumulative which means that if the dividends are unpaid over a certain period, then the dividend amounts accumulate. This accumulated amount must be paid to the preferred shareholders before the common shareholders. It must be noted that preferred shares can also be non-cumulative, which means that if a company skips paying the dividends, they do not accumulate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_meant_by_redeemable_preferred_shares\"><\/span>What is meant by redeemable preferred shares?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Preferred shares are perpetual or in other words redeemable. It means that these shares can be bought back by the company at a price that was predetermined. Also, the company can redeem the preferred share on certain specified dates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_difference_between_types_of_shares_and_classes_of_shares\"><\/span>What is the difference between types of shares and classes of shares?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shares are divided into two main types discussed above i.e., common or ordinary shares and preferred shares. The two broad types of shares are further divided into sub-types or categories, and these are called classes of shares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_subcategories_of_common_shares\"><\/span>What are the subcategories of common shares?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Class A, Class B, and Class C shares are different classes of share within a company, each with its own set of rights and privileges. These are also called alphabet shares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Class_A_shares\"><\/span>Class A shares:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>These are a subcategory of common shares. Class A shares typically have more voting rights per share compared to other classes. These shares are often held by company founders or early investors to maintain control over the company. These shares often receive a higher dividend rate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border:3px solid #214A24; border-radius: 5px; padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em; padding-top:1em; background-color:#ffffff;\">\n<p>Google parent company, Alphabet Inc, has class A shares (GOOGL) with voting rights, allowing co-founders Larry page and Sergey brin to retain significant control.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Class_B_shares\"><\/span>Class B shares:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, a category of common shares, Class B shares may have the same economic rights (dividend) as class A shares but less influence on corporate decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border:3px solid #214A24; border-radius: 5px; padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em; padding-top:1em; background-color:#ffffff;\">\n<p>Berkshire Hathaway has class B shares (BRK.B) that trade at a lower price than class A shares have significantly fewer voting rights.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Class_C_shares\"><\/span>Class C shares:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>These are used for specific purposes like using it for ESOP i.e., employees\u2019 stock option plan. Class C shares are typically nonvoting or have minimal voting rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border:3px solid #214A24; border-radius: 5px; padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em; padding-top:1em; background-color:#ffffff;\">\n<p>Facebook (Meta)issued class C shares (FB) during its IPO, which have no voting rights while class A shares (FB) have one vote per share and class B shares (not traded) have 10 votes per shares giving Mark Zuckerberg control over the company.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The main idea behind these different classes of shares is to tailor ownership and control structure to meet the specific needs and objectives of the company\u2019s founders, early investors, and management while raising capital from public markets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_preferred_shares_also_have_sub-categories\"><\/span>Do preferred shares also have sub-categories?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes. Preferred shares are further divided into different series like Series A shares. These shares have distinct characteristics like fixed dividends and higher claims on assets on liquefaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>H2: What are Convertible preferred shares?<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These shares offer the possibility of converting preferred shares into ordinary shares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_meant_by_Voting_and_non-voting_shares\"><\/span>What is meant by Voting and non-voting shares?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Voting shares allows the voting rights to the shareholders while non-voting share does not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_restricted_shares\"><\/span>What are restricted shares?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Restricted shares present certain restrictions on the sale or transfer of shares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_founders_shares\"><\/span>What are the founder\u2019s shares? &nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As the name suggests, these are the shares offered to a company\u2019s founder. Such shares allow specific rights like appointing the board of directors.H:2 Why might shareholders need different classes of shares?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Voting_Control\"><\/span>Voting Control:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A company&#8217;s founder wants to maintain control and holds Class A shares with 10 votes per share while issuing Class B shares with only 1 vote per share to raise capital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Financial_Rewards\"><\/span>Financial Rewards:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Some investors prefer regular income, so they own Class C shares with a fixed dividend, while others seek growth and hold Class D shares without dividends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Employee_Incentives\"><\/span>Employee Incentives:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A tech startup grants employees Class E shares with stock options, encouraging them to contribute to the company&#8217;s growth and success.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Investor_Categories\"><\/span>Investor Categories:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A company offers Class X shares with extra benefits to institutional investors who require stability while selling Class Y shares to the public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Requirements\"><\/span>Legal Requirements:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An insurance company must issue Class Z shares to policyholders and Class W shares to external investors to comply with regulatory obligations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Company_History\"><\/span>Company History:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Through mergers and acquisitions, a conglomerate ends up with multiple share classes representing different companies&#8217; legacies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strategic_Flexibility\"><\/span>Strategic Flexibility:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A company creates Class M shares with unique voting rights to facilitate a potential merger or joint venture in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tax_planning\"><\/span>Tax planning:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Share classes can be used for tax planning purposes to optimize the tax treatment of various shareholders. In a family-owned company, class B shares with no voting rights but dividend preferring shares may be issued to family members with low income to avail personal allowance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These examples illustrate how different share classes serve specific purposes and stakeholders within a company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The topic of shares may appear complex for inspiring entrepreneurs. Deciding the type or class of share may seem confusing. It is important to make an informed decision. That is why it is best to seek professional help and guidance. Hiring an accountant is highly advisable when you are dealing with shares whether as a company or as an individual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pearl Accountants are experienced in company formations. If you <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/services\/company-formation\/\">need professional help to incorporate your company<\/a>, you are at the right place. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/contact\/\">Contact Pearl Accountants<\/a> for free consultation to find how they can help.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"688\" height=\"140\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/christina-google-review.png\" alt=\"Christina google  review\" class=\"wp-image-222171\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/christina-google-review.png 688w, https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/christina-google-review-300x61.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/christina-google-review-24x5.png 24w, https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/christina-google-review-36x7.png 36w, https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/christina-google-review-48x10.png 48w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is a share in a company? In financial terms a share represents a part or portion that you own in a company. In order to become a shareholder, capital is exchanged by the investors in return for ownership\/share in the company. The number of shares you hold directly affects the percentage of ownership you <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pearlaccountants.com\/blogs\/types-of-shares\/\" class=\"more-link\">&#8230;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">  Types of Shares: A Comprehensive Guide<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":222173,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[728,2195,2198],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A comprehensive guide to types of shares<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From types to classes and sub-categories, here is your opportunity to learn about shares and their characteristics. 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